The world contains abundant visual information. The main task of computer vision is to acquire, extract and interpret that information into meaningful representations. Over decades of development, computer vision has become a field with multiple aspects and approaches emerging from diverse disciplines and applications. One of the important approaches is physics-based computer vision (or physics-based vision, for short) which in principal utilizes physical models of the world to extract visual information. This approach has become one of the core topics in computer vision, since visual information is in fact spatial collections of light rays that are emitted, transmitted, scattered, absorbed, and reflected according to physical laws. While it has significantly contributed to the development of computer vision, physics-based vision has also played crucial roles in computer graphics and virtual reality, since to arrive at realistic image rendering, one should employ physical models of the world and their parameters.